Electronic Materials and Devices

The Division of Electronic Materials has undertaken R & D work on several types of materials :

electroluminescent, photovoltaic and electrochromic materials, nanostructured materials, high temperature superconducting materials, advanced ceramic materials and polymeric materials, Efforts have also been made to develop devices involving these materials, in thin and thick film form as well as in bulk form, with the objective of transferring successfully developed technologies to industry. Besides, the study and characterization of surfaces and nanostructures is a major activity in this division. The division includes the following groups :

Luminescent Materials and Devices Group

Development of phosphors/nanophosphors by different synthesis routes for applications in several display devices. New down-conversion phosphors/nanophosphors for solid state lighting in conjunction with blue/ near UV LED. Synthesis of doped ZnO nanophosphor through different precursor routes to obtain p-type conductivity.

Plasma Processed Materials, Devices and Systems Group

R & D on amorphous and micro/nano silicon, and carbon, based thin films, devices and systems. Ongoing work on diamond-like carbon films. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon films deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique.

Silicon and Silicon Devices Group

Reactivation of solar cell fabrication laboratory and processing of p+-p-n+ silicon solar cell on 50 mm diameter wafers. Photocurrent Generation Technique developed for minority carrier lifetime measurement. Silica and silicon oxide nanowire processing and applications.

Nanostructured Materials and Devices and Surface Studies

Novel polymer films of PEDOT-SDS having superior electrochromic properties. Synthesis of nanocrystalline metal oxides for gas sensors. Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. Conjugated polymers for organic electronics. Surface studies of antimony on silicon, magnesium silicide, etc.

High Temperature Superconducting Materials & Devices, Advanced Ceramics and Optical Thin Films

[Bi-2223] bulk tube/rod and current leads and long lenght tapes for high current transport. Microwave furnace for preparing beta alumina ionic conductors. Optical biosensor for water pollution monitoring. Narrow bandpass filter coatings for use in fibre optic communications. Antireflection coatings on plastics for ophthalmic applications.

Under the Advanced Ceramics activity, for preparing beta alumina ionic conductors, a microwave furnace was designed and fabricated for operation upto 1800 °C. The problem of thermal runaway was solved by modifying the furnace design (Fig. 4.11). For develop-ing optical biosensors, a 0.001 M solution of 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenyl tria-zene (fluorescent material) was prepared in acetone, pH maintained at 5.6 by ammonium acetate (5% w/v solution in H2O) and fluorescence was measured with variation of concentration of Malathion.

Under the Surface Studies and Nanostructures activity, the formation of antimony 1D structures on Si (5 5 12) surface was studied. Adsorption of antinomy metal on high index Si (5 5 12) which is composed of (2 2 5) and (3 3 7) regions with nanoscale widths and row like trenches and provides an unique template for the growth of nanostructures was studied. Various superstructural phases were formed by steering the kinetic parameters and post growth annealing of the surface

Under the Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites activity, CdSe nanocrystals (6-10 nm) prepared by chemical route using TOP/ TOPO capping were dispersed in conducting PPV (p-phenylenevinylene) and P3HT (3-hexylthiophene) polymer matrices using a binary solvent mixture (pyridine-chloroform) respectively and tailored by altering the composition and concentration of NC’s in CP. Stern-Volmer plots indicate heterogeneous quenching of PL emission for smaller CdSe quantum dots ensuring efficient charge transfer process across polymer-CdSe interface.

Under Studies in Conducting Polymers, the chemistry of chemical doping in conjugated polymers has been studied. An evidence for disruption in pconjugation upon increase in doping was established through various photo-physical, electrical and morphological investigations. The dielectric constant ε′(ω), dielectric loss ε′′(ω)and ac conductivity σ(ω)m of lightly doped poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films give the evidence that, both dc conductivity as well as dielectric relaxation originate from the same hopping process.

Under the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides for Gas Sensors activity, nanocrystalline / mesoporous tin oxide powders were prepared using chemical techniques. The gas sensitivity of the derived sensors were investigated for various gases ethanol, acetone, TMA, DMA, ammonia, NOx, CO, LPG and CNG. SnO2 powder was prepared by precipitation route. Ammonia and NOx sensors are desired for environmental monitoring and food freshness monitoring. A systematic study was made to improve ammonia and NOx sensitivity using doped (Pt, Au, Pd) WO3 as sensitive material.