Electrical & Electronic Standards

The electrical and electronics standards division of NPLI is involved in the realization, establishment, maintenance and dissemination of SI unit (Si), primary standard, and national standards of various electrical, electronic and magnetic parameters. Traceability of these standards is provided to industries, accredidated laboratories, R& D institutes and various other organizations. Recently the division has established the automatic Josephson voltage standards at 10 volt level at par to international level for the dissemination of unit ‘volt’. A new power calibration system for calibration of high precision reference power standards and watt converters has been established.

The division has participated in many international intercomaprison organized by BIPM, APMP and bilateral comparison to establish international traceability. Also it has coordinated various proficiency testing programme under MoU between NPL and NABL.

ECG CALIBRATION: Two reports, one at 1mV/10Hz signal source traceable to NPL standards and the other one at 1mV/1Hz signal source (uncalibrated) on the calibration of 12 leads ECG machine were prepared for the uncertainty measurements. The bio-simulator producing sine, square and triangular waveform at 1mV with variable frequencies got calibrated against a primary standard source of 1 mV/10Hz at NPL and subsequently put in use as a secondary standard source for further calibration of ECG machines.

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Bio-Medical Standards

  • Time scale of NPL, known as UTC (NPLI) is being maintained with the help of cesium clock. Judicious frequency off set is introduced time to time. During the last one year, the time scale of NPL has been comparable with other leading timing laboratories of the world (Fig. 2.1). The uncertainty of time scale is maintained at 7.6 ns.

  • Calibration measurement capabilities (CMC) of time and frequency parameters of NPL have been accepted for entry into Appendix C. These CMCs are now on BIPM website.

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Time & Frequency Standards

A new Power calibration system has been established for calibration of high precision reference power standards and watt converters for ranges, 10V-576V, 10mA-120A, PF:1 to ±0.01, frequency 40 Hz to 400 Hz.

New Project undertaken

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AC Power and Energy Standards

The calibration facilities of AC High Current Ratios from 5A/1A, 5A up to 5000A/1A, 5A and about the calibration of Voltage Transformers of any ratio with 110V and 110/Ö3 V secondary output up to 100kV at 50 Hz at the required burdens.

Principle/Theory

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AC High Current & High Voltage Standards

LF Voltage & Current Standards

Traceability of thermal converters covering voltage range 250 mV to 1000 V in the frequency range 10 Hz to 1 MHz has been re-established to the primary standard of LF voltage.

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LF & HF Voltage, Current & RF Power Standards

An automatic 10V Josephson Series Array Voltage Standard (JSAVS) was integrated, characterized and established for the calibration of Zener reference standard which is the secondary standard of DC voltage. This system works at microwave frequency of 76 GHz. The expanded uncertainty of Zener reference standard calibration at 10V is ± 350 nV at k=2 Figure 2.2 and 2.3 show the block diagram and photograph of the automatic 10V JSAVS. The inset in the photographs shows the dc characteristics and the constant voltage steps (Shapiro steps).

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JVS & DC Current, Voltage & Resistance Standards

• An electronic circuit was developed for displacement measurement using path sensing detector for setting photo deflection spectroscopy (Plasma Process Materials Group)

• The sensor array data acquisition system (Lab VIEW based) was updated (for Thick film sensor group) in both hardware and software aspects to become more user friendly. Using the developed system the data has been collected and evaluated. Different discrimination techniques are being studied.

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Electronics & Instrumentation

RF Attenuation & Impedance Standards has the responsibility of eestablishment, maintenance & upgradation of RF attenuation & impedance standards and associated calibration facilities.

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RF Attenuation & Impedance Standards

This group of electrical and electronic standards is disseminating the traceability for measurement of capacitance, inductance and ac resistance at low and high frequency to calibration laboratories and R & D organizations. The traceability starts from primary standards of capacitance, Calculable Cross Capacitance, based on Lampard- Thompson theorem and traceable to base unit length. The unit of resistance, Ohm, is also realized from capacitance using Quadrature Bridge and other precision ac bridges.

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LF & HF Impedance Standards

This group is providing calibration facility for High Voltage DC equipments i.e. DC High Voltage probe, DC High Voltage divider, DC High Voltage Power Supplies and DC Volt meter, upto 100 kV. Primary standard of DC High Voltage is the Resistive Divider, which is traceble to Josephson voltage standard.

The facilities for high current and shunt resistance measurement (at high current) have been established. Shunt resistance can be measured low up to 0.001Ω at 600 A with an uncertainty of 10 to 15 ppm.

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DC High Voltage Standards